5.4 What are the O&M Requirements?

Post-treatment methods require continuous monitoring of the influent and effluent quality. Depending on the technique used, it is necessary to monitor the head loss for the filter, dosage of disinfectants, and other parameters to ensure high performance. Sand and activated carbon filters become less effective over time due to solids and microbial growth. They need frequent cleaning (backwashing) or replacement. Expertise is required to ensure the right amount and mixing of chlorine. The UV lamp in UV disinfection requires regular cleaning and yearly replacement to maintain optimal performance.