Technical brief | Manual or guideline

Urine Diverting Toilets in Climates with Cold Winters

Author: Stintzing, A., Jönsson H., Schönning C., Hinkkanen K., Kvarnström E., Ganrot Z., Samwel M., Gabizon S., Mohr A.

Year: 2007

Publisher: WECF

Ecological sanitation, and the most frequent application, dry urine diverting toilets with reuse of urine and faeces in crop production, is growing globally. The millennium development goals have targeted sanitation. There is a need for knowledge on aspects that are related to climates where large temperature differences between summer and winter, and winter temperatures below freezing, are issues. Some of these aspects are the sanitisation of faeces and urine, storage aspects, technical aspects related to freezing of urine, odour, and the reuse of the end products.

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